Picture Theory of Language

Where it surfaces

• 1.1

  Facts, not things, are what propositions picture, aligning language with the structure of reality.

• 2.0212

  Directly addresses the possibility of forming pictures of the world.

• 2.022

  The shared form between imagined and real worlds relates to the picturing relation in language.

• 2.0231

  Material properties are presented by propositions, reflecting the picture theory that propositions depict states of affairs.

• 2.1

  This proposition introduces the core idea that we make pictures of facts, which is the foundation of the picture theory.

• 2.11

  The picture presents facts in logical space, illustrating the picturing relation.

• 2.12

  This proposition directly states the core of the picture theory: that a picture (proposition) is a model of reality.

• 2.13

  This proposition establishes the correspondence between picture elements and objects, a core tenet of the picture theory.

• 2.131

  This proposition directly illustrates the core idea that elements of a picture (proposition) stand for objects in the world.

• 2.14

  This proposition defines the picture as a structure of elements combined in a definite way, foundational to the picture theory.

• 2.141

  This proposition directly asserts that a picture is a fact, grounding the picture theory in the ontological structure of facts.

• 2.15

  This section directly articulates the core of the picture theory, defining structure and form of representation.

• 2.151

  This proposition directly articulates the concept of form of representation within the picture theory.

• 2.1511

  This proposition directly articulates the connection between a picture (proposition) and reality, asserting that the picture is linked to and reaches up to reality.

• 2.1512

  The metaphor of a scale applied to reality illustrates how propositions function as pictures or measures of reality.

• 2.1513

  The representing relation is intrinsic to the picture, not external.

• 2.1514

  This proposition directly articulates the representing relation as coordinations between picture elements and things, a core component of the picture theory.

• 2.1515

  This proposition elaborates on how a picture's elements coordinate with reality, likening these coordinations to 'feelers' that touch the world.

• 2.16

  This proposition directly states the essential requirement for a fact to serve as a picture of reality.

• 2.161

  This proposition directly articulates the necessary condition for representation in the picture theory.

• 2.17

  This proposition directly articulates the core requirement of the picture theory: a shared form of representation between picture and reality.

• 2.171

  This proposition directly articulates the core of the picture theory: a picture's form determines the range of reality it can represent.

• 2.172

  The picture cannot represent its own form of representation, only show it.

• 2.173

  This proposition directly articulates the picture theory, explaining that a picture represents its object from an external standpoint, which is its form of representation.

• 2.174

  This proposition directly addresses the limitation of a picture within its own form of representation, a core aspect of the picture theory.

• 2.18

  This proposition directly states the core of the picture theory: representation requires shared logical form.

• 2.181

  This proposition directly introduces the notion of a logical picture, central to the picture theory.

• 2.182

  This proposition directly states that every picture is a logical picture, a core tenet of the picture theory.

• 2.19

  This proposition directly states the core of the picture theory: logical pictures can depict the world.

• 2.2

  The picture and what it pictures share a logical form of representation.

• 2.201

  The picture depicts reality by representing a possibility of atomic facts.

• 2.202

  This proposition directly exemplifies the picture theory, where a picture represents a possible state of affairs in logical space.

• 2.203

  This proposition directly articulates the core idea that a picture (proposition) contains the possibility of the state of affairs it represents.

• 2.21

  This proposition directly states the core of the picture theory: a picture's agreement or disagreement with reality determines its truth value.

• 2.22

  This proposition directly articulates the core idea that a picture's representational capacity is independent of its truth value.

• 2.221

  This aphorism directly states that the sense of a picture is identical to what it represents, a core tenet of the picture theory.

• 2.222

  The proposition's sense is a picture of reality, and truth/falsity is the agreement or disagreement of that picture with actual states of affairs.

• 2.223

  This proposition directly articulates the verification condition for pictures: comparison with reality.

• 2.224

  This proposition directly addresses the nature of pictures as representations, asserting that truth-value is not intrinsic to the picture.

• 2.225

  Directly states that no picture (proposition) is a priori true, reinforcing the empirical grounding of the picture theory.

• Chapter 3

  The chapter asserts that thoughts are logical pictures of facts, directly introducing the picture theory.

• 3.01

  True thoughts are described as a picture of the world, directly invoking the picture theory.

• 3.1

  The proposition as a perceptible expression of thought aligns with the picture theory, where propositions are models of reality.

• 3.11

  The proposition as a projection of a possible state of affairs directly relates to the picture theory, where language depicts reality.

• The Propositional Sign and Its Projective Relation

  The propositional sign is the vehicle for picturing reality, and the proposition is the sign in its projective (pictorial) relation to the world.

• 3.13

  This section elaborates on how a proposition functions as a projection, containing the form of its sense rather than the sense itself.

• 3.14

  The propositional sign being a fact aligns with the idea that propositions picture states of affairs.

• 3.141

  The proposition as an articulate structure mirrors the picture theory, where propositions depict states of affairs through logical form.

• 3.142

  The proposition emphasizes that sense arises from the structure of facts, not from isolated names.

• 3.143

  The propositional sign as a fact is foundational to the picture theory, where propositions depict states of affairs.

• 3.1431

  The spatial arrangement of objects mirrors the structure of reality, directly illustrating how propositions picture states of affairs.

• 3.1432

  The proposition's structure mirrors the structure of the fact it represents, as shown by the relation between signs.

• 3.144

  The analogy of propositions as arrows with sense reflects the picture theory, where propositions depict states of affairs.

• 3.2

  The correspondence between elements of the propositional sign and objects of thought reflects the picture theory.

• 3.203

  The identity of sign and meaning reflects the picture theory, where names picture their objects.

• 3.21

  The correspondence between sign configuration and object configuration illustrates the picture theory.

• 3.251

  The proposition's articulate nature aligns with the idea that propositions picture states of affairs in a determinate way.

• 3.31

  Expressions are parts of propositions that picture reality by characterizing sense through form and content.

• Essential and Accidental Features of Propositions

  The distinction between essential and accidental features relates to how propositions picture reality, with essential features being those that enable the picture to convey its sense.

• 3.341

  The notion of a common essence across propositions aligns with the picture theory, where propositions share a logical form with the facts they depict.

• 3.3421

  The possibility of a method of symbolizing reveals the logical form that language shares with reality.

• 3.42

  The proposition as a picture with a logical scaffolding that determines logical space.

• 3.5

  The propositional sign, when applied and thought, constitutes the thought, reflecting the picturing relation.

• Chapter 4: The Thought is the Significant Proposition

  The thought as a significant proposition aligns with the idea that propositions picture states of affairs.

• 4.01

  The proposition is explicitly described as a picture of reality.

• 4.011

  Propositions, like musical scores and phonetic spelling, are pictures of what they represent.

• 4.012

  The proposition a R b is presented as a direct picture of reality, with the sign resembling the signified.

• 4.013

  The chapter reinforces the idea that propositions are pictures of reality, and that notational irregularities do not disrupt this picturing function.

• 4.014

  The gramophone record, score, and sound waves exemplify how different media can share a logical form, mirroring the relation between language and reality.

• 4.0141

  The rule of projection between score, performance, and record exemplifies how different representations can share a logical form, a core idea of the picture theory.

• 4.015

  The logic of representation underlies all similes and images, reinforcing the idea that language pictures reality.

• 4.016

  The proposition is likened to hieroglyphic writing, which directly pictures facts, reinforcing the idea that language represents reality through a picturing relation.

• 4.02

  The propositional sign is understood directly as a picture of reality.

• 4.021

  The proposition is directly described as a picture of reality, and understanding it gives knowledge of the state of affairs.

• 4.022

  The proposition shows its sense, acting as a picture of reality.

• 4.023

  The proposition is described as a picture of reality, constructing a world with logical scaffolding.

• 4.024

  Understanding a proposition as knowing what is the case if true aligns with the picture theory, where a proposition pictures a possible state of affairs.

• 4.027

  Propositions as pictures that can convey new information about reality.

• 4.03

  The proposition is a logical picture of the state of affairs, communicating sense through this pictorial relation.

• 4.031

  The proposition is described as a model or experimental arrangement of a state of affairs, reflecting the picturing relation.

• 4.0311

  The proposition is described as a living picture that presents an atomic fact through the connection of names.

• 4.032

  The proposition is a picture of its state of affairs, requiring logical articulation.

• 4.04

  The proposition must share logical multiplicity with the state of affairs, reinforcing the picture theory where language mirrors reality.

• 4.0411

  The requirement that logical symbolism must have the same logical multiplicity as what it represents is central to the picture theory.

• 4.05

  The proposition is a picture of reality, and reality is compared with it.

• Propositions as Pictures of Reality

  Propositions are pictures of reality, and their truth or falsity depends on this picturing relation.

• 4.1

  This proposition directly articulates the picture theory: propositions are logical pictures that depict atomic facts.

• The Limits of Representation

  Propositions picture reality but cannot picture the shared logical form that makes picturing possible.

• 4.121

  Propositions are pictures of reality; they show logical form without representing it.

• 4.125

  The internal relation between propositions mirrors the internal relation between states of affairs, consistent with the picture theory.

• 4.2

  Propositions picture reality by agreeing or disagreeing with atomic fact configurations.

• 4.241

  The discussion of signs and replaceability relates to how language pictures reality through symbolic rules.

• 5.1311

  The discussion of notation and the 'inner connection' between propositions relates to how propositions picture logical relations.

• 5.156

  Probability propositions are described as incomplete pictures of states of affairs, yet still complete as pictures.

• 5.21

  Internal relations between propositions are made manifest through operations, aligning with the picture theory's emphasis on logical form.

• 5.4711

  The essence of proposition as the essence of description ties directly to the picture theory, where propositions picture states of affairs.

• 5.5261

  The idea that symbols in a proposition stand in signifying relations to the world aligns with the picture theory, where propositions picture states of affairs.

• 5.5423

  Perceiving a complex as a combination of constituents parallels the idea of propositions as pictures of facts.