The Thirty-Nine Steps · Theme
Identity and Disguise
How The Thirty-Nine Steps develops Identity and Disguise.
Hannay constantly adopts false identities—as a milkman, a roadman, a political candidate, and a chauffeur—to evade capture and infiltrate enemy plans, emphasizing the theme of shifting identity for survival.
Where it surfaces
- The Milkman Sets Out on His Travels
Hannay adopts a milkman's disguise and later plans to pass as a Scotsman, highlighting themes of hidden identity.
- The Adventure of the Literary Innkeeper
Hannay adopts the appearance of a hill farmer to blend in with other passengers.
- The Adventure of the Spectacled Roadman
Hannay adopts the persona of a hungover roadman, complete with borrowed spectacles, hat, and pipe, to evade his enemies.
- VI: The Adventure of the Bald Archaeologist
Hannay adopts the alias 'Ainslie' and his appearance has changed from his London photographs, allowing him to pass as a tramp.
- The Dry-Fly Fisherman
Hannay adopts multiple disguises (shepherd, farm-laborer) and uses the alias 'Twisdon' to evade detection.
- The Coming of the Black Stone
The Black Stone agent impersonates Lord Alloa, and Hannay's recognition of the impostor is a key plot point.
- X: Various Parties Converging on the Sea
Hannay reflects on Peter Pienaar's maxims about playing a part and blending into the landscape, as the villains appear as ordinary middle-class citizens.