Determinism and Fate

Dreiser frequently reflects on the forces of nature, chance, and temperament that shape human lives, suggesting that individuals like Cowperwood are driven by inner compulsions and external circumstances beyond their control, leading to inevitable triumphs and tragedies.

Cowperwood's natural aptitude for street-railways is described as being 'in his blood,' suggesting an almost fated path, while the tunnels and cable technology present opportunities that seem destined for him to exploit.

The narrator frames Lynde's appearance as 'fortuitous' and 'gratuitous humor on the part of fate,' suggesting Aileen's choices are shaped by forces beyond her control.

Cowperwood reflects on the inevitable passing of things and the consequences of his own nature, accepting Aileen's desertion as part of life's course.

Cowperwood reflects on his age and the seeming inevitability of his attraction to youth and beauty.