Class and Aristocratic Prejudice

The book exposes the rigid hierarchies of Restoration France, where birth and wealth determine worth, and where the nobility and bourgeoisie view Julien's peasant origins with contempt despite his talents.

M. de Rênal, though a manufacturer, blushes at his trade and values his ancient Spanish lineage. The town's social hierarchy is based on wealth and land ownership, with peasants like old Sorel seen as beneath the mayor.

M. de Rênal's haughty attitude toward the surgeon and his disdain for the Parisian gentleman illustrate class prejudices.

The mayor's initial reluctance to hire a carpenter's son as a tutor reveals deep-seated class prejudices, despite the practical benefits.

M. de Rênal's offer to hire Julien as tutor is driven by class competition with Valenod, not genuine respect for Julien.