Persecution and Oppression

The Pulido family is unjustly imprisoned for treason, and natives are beaten and exploited, highlighting the systemic persecution of both the gentry and the poor by corrupt officials.

Don Carlos has been stripped of his lands and harassed by tax-gatherers due to his political alignment, showing the oppression faced by those out of favor with the governor.

Ramón's plot to frame the Pulidos and hint at the Vegas' disloyalty exemplifies the oppressive use of power by the colonial authorities against perceived enemies.

Gonzales's threat to whip Fray Felipe and the soldiers' intrusion into the friar's home illustrate the oppression of those who speak truth to power.

Fray Felipe is persecuted by the soldiers and the legal system due to his affiliation with the missions and his outspokenness against the governor.