The Past vs. the Present

Where it surfaces

• The Old Pyncheon Family

  The chapter contrasts the ancient history of the house and family with the present day, emphasizing how past events shape current realities.

• May and November

  The old house and its traditions are juxtaposed with Phoebe's fresh, modern energy; the miniature of Clifford represents the haunting presence of the past.

• Maule's Well

  The modern daguerreotype mirrors the old portrait, blurring the line between past and present Pyncheon traits.

• The Guest

  Clifford's fragmented memory and his attempt to reconcile his former self with his current decay highlight the tension between past glory and present ruin.

• IX: Clifford and Phoebe

  Clifford's faded intellect and Hepzibah's outdated efforts contrast with Phoebe's fresh, living vitality, highlighting the tension between decay and renewal.

• The Pyncheon Garden

  Clifford's revival in the garden contrasts with his past torpor and the family's dark history, while his visions in Maule's well evoke ancestral ghosts.

• XI: The Arched Window

  Clifford is a conservative who loves antique fashions and struggles to comprehend modern novelties like cabs, omnibuses, and railroads, symbolizing the clash between past and present.

• XII: The Daguerreotypist

  Holgrave's central speech condemns the dead hand of the Past, which he says lies on the Present like a giant's corpse, enslaving the living.

• Alice Pyncheon

  The chapter contrasts the old Colonel's era with Gervayse's modern ambitions, as the past's sins and secrets (the lost document, the wizard's curse) directly shape the present negotiation.

• XVII: The Flight of Two Owls

  Clifford embraces the modern railroad as a means to escape the stale ideas of home and the past, while Hepzibah remains mentally trapped in the old house, illustrating the tension between moving forward and being haunted by history.

• Governor Pyncheon

  The ghostly gathering of Pyncheon ancestors and the Judge's modern skepticism illustrate the tension between past traditions and present disbelief.

• The Departure

  The characters leave the old house for a new life; Holgrave's shift from reformer to conservative reflects changing attitudes toward permanence and tradition.