Reason and Rebellion

Where it surfaces

• The Crisis II: To Lord Howe

  Paine emphasizes that rebellion against tyranny is an act of reason, and that he who rebels against reason is a real rebel.

• The Crisis III

  Paine reviews the logical stages of the quarrel—denial of right, suspension of taxable articles, petition, and armed defense—to justify rebellion.

• The Crisis VII: To the People of England

  Paine appeals to logic and evidence, arguing that British policy is irrational and that rebellion is a reasoned response.

• The Crisis VIII: Address to the People of England

  Paine appeals to the rational judgment of the English people, urging them to see the folly of continuing a war they cannot win.

• The Crisis Extraordinary

  He uses logical financial arguments to justify rebellion and the need for a well-funded defense, appealing to reason and self-interest.

• To the People of America

  Paine argues for rational financial planning and honest representation, criticizing past errors and the pursuit of temporary popularity.

• A Supernumerary Crisis

  Paine uses reasoned argument to demand justice, appealing to Carleton's sense of morality and honor.

• The Crisis XII: To the Earl of Shelburne

  Paine uses logical argument to dismantle Shelburne's claims, emphasizing the folly of continuing a ruinous war.