The American Crisis · Chapters

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Chapter companions for The American Crisis by Thomas Paine.

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Chapter 1
Editor’s Introduction
Moncure Daniel Conway introduces Thomas Paine's 'The American Crisis,' clarifying the title's possible origin from a London publication and correcting the misattribution of an early essay to Paine. He details the publication history of the thirteen Crisis numbers, the famous opening and closing lines, and the profound impact of the first Crisis, which was read to Washington's troops before the Battle of Trenton.
Chapter 2
The American Crisis
Thomas Paine's impassioned call to the American colonists to persevere in their struggle for independence, arguing that the cause of freedom is worth the sacrifices of war and that divine providence will ultimately side with the righteous.
Chapter 3
The Crisis I
Thomas Paine opens with the famous line 'These are the times that try men’s souls,' calling for resolve against British tyranny. He contrasts the 'summer soldier' with those who stand firm, argues that freedom is worth the struggle, and asserts divine support for the American cause. Paine recounts his experience with the troops at Fort Lee, criticizes Tories as cowards, and urges all Americans to unite and fight for independence, warning that mercy from the enemy is folly and that victory will secure a happy future for the continent.
Chapter 4
The Crisis II: To Lord Howe
Thomas Paine addresses Lord Howe directly, mocking his proclamation and authority as a British commissioner. Paine argues that America cannot be conquered, criticizes the folly of monarchy, and calls for unity and independence. He contrasts the sword of war with the sword of justice, and emphasizes the natural right of America to self-governance.
Chapter 5
The Crisis III
Paine argues for clear distinction between Whigs and Tories, condemns the latter as traitors, and calls for strict justice against disaffection. He reviews the stages of the quarrel with Britain, insists on the indivisibility of the cause, and reaffirms that only independence can secure peace, honor, and commerce.

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Editor’s Introduction

The American Crisis

The Crisis I

The Crisis II: To Lord Howe

The Crisis III