Pragmatism · Theme
Pluralism and Meliorism
How Pragmatism develops Pluralism and Meliorism.
Reality is open, diverse, and improvable through human effort, emphasizing the possibility of better outcomes without deterministic guarantees.
Where it surfaces
- Pragmatism
James hints at a pluralistic universe where pragmatism can mediate between opposing views, suggesting a melioristic outlook.
- Lecture I: The Present Dilemma in Philosophy
James's critique of absolutism and his call for a philosophy that engages with concrete, finite human lives hints at his pluralistic and melioristic outlook.
- Lecture II: What Pragmatism Means
Pragmatism embraces a pluralistic, concrete approach to truth and reality, rejecting monistic absolutism.
- Lecture III: Some Metaphysical Problems Pragmatically Considered
The chapter emphasizes the unfinished, future-oriented nature of the world, where the choice between materialism and theism has real practical stakes for hope and improvement.
- Lecture IV: The One and the Many
James defends a pluralistic view that the world is neither a pure universe nor a pure multiverse, and that unity and diversity are both real.
- Lecture V: Pragmatism and Common Sense
The lecture defends a pluralistic view of the world as additive and incomplete, contrasting with monistic eternal completeness.
- Lecture VII: Pragmatism and Humanism
James contrasts the pragmatist view of an unfinished, pluralistic universe with the rationalist monistic universe, emphasizing growth and human contribution.
- Lecture VIII: Pragmatism and Religion
James advocates for a pluralistic, melioristic religion that relies on possibilities rather than certainties, emphasizing human effort and cooperation with higher powers.