Instrumentalism

Ideas, concepts, and theories are instruments or tools for action and problem-solving, valued by their practical consequences rather than their metaphysical essence.

James argues that all theories, including common sense and science, are instrumental mental modes of adaptation to reality rather than absolute revelations.

Truth is seen as an instrument for action; true thoughts are invaluable instruments that guide us toward useful experiences.

Franklin's definition of physics as 'the science of the ways of taking hold of bodies and pushing them' exemplifies instrumentalist thinking.