Mutual Aid · Character
Alfred Espinas
French sociologist and philosopher who wrote on animal societies.
minor
Also known as Espinas
First appearance: i mutual aid among animals
Alfred Espinas shows up with force in Endnotes. The page is where that presence becomes real.
His work 'Les Sociétés animales' is noted for pointing out the importance of animal societies and their bearing upon the preservation of species.
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In Endnotes: His work 'Les Sociétés animales' is noted for pointing out the importance of animal societies and their bearing upon the…
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Relationship types
- Other
Character groups
- Naturalists and animal behaviorists
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Story tension across the book — this chapter sits in Exposition.
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- Breaking point
- Aftermath
- Closing
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See Alfred Espinas in i mutual aid among animals