Mutual Aid · Character

Alfred Brehm

The zoologist whose detailed observations of animal societies supply Kropotkin with the evidence that cooperation, not combat, defines much of animal life.

supporting

Also known as Brehm, the old Brehm, Brehm Father

First appearance: i mutual aid among animals

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Brehm's encyclopedic studies of birds, mammals, and insects serve as a primary source for Kropotkin's case that sociability is the norm across species. His careful accounts of migrations, breeding associations, and hunting packs give the argument its empirical weight, grounding abstract theory in the observed behavior of real creatures. Without his patient fieldwork, Kropotkin's claim that mutual aid is a law of nature would lack its most persuasive evidence.

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See Alfred Brehm in i mutual aid among animals