Class and Respectability

The narrative is steeped in class distinctions, from the boarding house hierarchy to the shame of charity organizations, and Miriam is acutely aware of how poverty, gentility, and social judgment shape people's lives and choices.

Grace's insistence on calling first due to longer residence reflects the rigid social hierarchies and concerns about respectability.

Miriam's initial resentment of Mr. Mendizabal's vulgar appearance reflects class prejudices, which she later questions.

The contrast between the bohemian room and conventional expectations of behavior highlights class tensions.

Mrs. Bailey's concerns about Eleanor's behavior and the C.O.S. discussion reflect class-based notions of respectability and charity.