How does Bazarov die?

After Odintsov refuses his love and Pavel’s duel wound heals, Bazarov returns to work and cuts open a typhus corpse without proper caution — ironic failure for a man of science. Fever consumes him; he dies at his parents’ modest estate with Vassily Ivanovitch and Arina Vlasyevna grieving extravagantly. Arkady visits the grave; the novel ends on parental loss, not youth triumph.

Death undercuts nihilism’s boast of strength: biology defeats creed. Turgenev grants Bazarov dignity in final scenes — no deathbed conversion, but tenderness toward parents and Odintsov’s visit. The typhus detail links nature vs. science theme to mortality theme.