Discourses
Cited as a model of happiness in adversity and philosophical integrity.
Book I
Cited as an example of being willingly in prison, illustrating that true imprisonment is being somewhere against one's will.
II: How a Man on Every Occasion Can Maintain His Proper Character
Mentioned as a model of greatness and proper character.
Of Progress or Improvement
Quoted indirectly through the phrase 'Dear Crito, if it is the will of the gods that it be so, let it be so,' exemplifying acceptance of fate.
IX: How from the Fact That We Are Akin to God a Man May Proceed to the Consequences
Exemplar of one who lived as a kinsman of the gods, refusing to desert his post even under threat of death.
Of Contentment
Cited as an example of willing acceptance: he was not in prison because he was there willingly.
That the Logical Art Is Necessary
Referenced as an example of one who began education with the examination of names, underscoring the logical art.
XIX: How We Should Behave to Tyrants
Mentioned as a model whom people imitate, in contrast to the tyrant whom no one wishes to become like.
On the Same
Socrates is held up as a model of one who always had one face, unmoved by insults, and who practiced the means to be unimpeded and free.
What Is the Law of Life
Cited as an example of advocating for an examined life, which Epictetus endorses.
On Constancy (Or Firmness)
Cited as the model of firmness and happiness in adversity; he excused his jailor and calmly accepted hemlock, showing that external threats cannot harm the true self.
Book II
Cited as a model of courage and indifference to externals, particularly in his trial and imprisonment.
I: That Confidence (Courage) Is Not Inconsistent with Caution
Cited as the philosopher who called external evils 'tragic masks' and who practiced self-examination through writing and dialogue.
Of Tranquillity (Freedom from Perturbation)
Cited as the prime example of maintaining what is in one's own power, having prepared for his trial all his life by never doing injustice.
Against a Person Who Had Once Been Detected in Adultery
Referenced ironically as the model of a guest at a feast, contrasting with the adulterer's behavior.
How Magnanimity Is Consistent with Care
Cited as an example of playing skillfully with life's trials, using pleasantry during his trial and questioning Anytus about daemons.
VI: Of Indifference
Mentioned as a model for writing paeans in prison, demonstrating steadfastness.
Of Disputation or Discussion
Exemplar of gentle, effective disputation; compelled adversaries to bear witness and avoided abuse.
XIII: On Anxiety (Solicitude)
Cited as a model of confident speaking before tyrants, judges, and in prison.
XVI: That We Do Not Strive to Use Our Opinions About Good and Evil
Cited as a model of a true philosopher who lived and died with integrity.
How We Should Struggle Against Appearances
Cited as an exemplar of self-mastery, who lay with Alcibiades and mocked his beauty, achieving a victory over himself.
What Is the Property of Error
Cited as the exemplar of using logical contradiction to guide others to truth, trusting the interlocutor's own rational judgment.
Book III
Mentioned as a model of happiness in adversity, though not directly quoted in these excerpts.
I: Of Finery in Dress
Cited as a model of relentless truth-telling and care for others, even in the face of opposition.
Against Those Who on Account of Sickness Go Away Home
Cited as an example of one who found daily joy in moral improvement and never claimed to teach trivialities.
To the Administrator of the Free Cities Who Was an Epicurean
Cited as a model governor of men who made others imitators of himself by subjecting their desires and aversions to reason.
About Exercise
Cited as the exemplar of examining appearances and living an examined life.
Certain Miscellaneous Matters
Cited as the first to practice confutation to remove arrogance.
That We Ought with Caution to Enter Into Familiar Intercourse with Men
Cited as a model of someone who could lead his companions to his own purpose in social intercourse.
On Providence
Referenced implicitly as a model of virtue and correct opinion.
That We Ought Not to Be Disturbed by Any News
Cited as an example of someone unjustly condemned by judges, yet unaffected in his true self.
Against Those Who Readily Come to the Profession of Sophists
Cited as one whom God advised to occupy the office of confuting error.
About Cynism
Quoted as a model for the Cynic's bold public address to misguided people.
To Those Who Read and Discuss for the Sake of Ostentation
Cited as a model of humility and genuine philosophical practice, who sent people to different teachers and focused on reason rather than display.
XXIV: That We Ought Not to Be Moved by a Desire of Those Things Which Are Not in Our Power
Cited as an example of loving his children as a free man, remembering to be a friend to the gods first.
To Those Who Fear Want
Cited as an example of a genuine philosopher who lived with a wife and children despite poverty.
Book IV: On Freedom and Familiar Intimacy
Held up as a model of freedom through his acceptance of death and his enduring usefulness to humanity after his execution.
About Freedom
Cited as an example of a free man whose memory and actions remain useful even after death.
To Those Who Are Desirous of Passing Life in Tranquillity
Cited as a model of happiness in adversity: he served in military expeditions and wrote paeans in prison, never lamenting lost leisure.
Against the Quarrelsome and Ferocious
Exemplar of avoiding quarrels and enduring provocation, as seen in Xenophon's Symposium and his tolerance of his wife and son.
On Freedom from Fear
Mentioned as a model of virtue whose praise would be meaningful, contrasting with flattery of tyrants.
VIII: Against Those Who Hastily Rush Into the Use of the Philosophic Dress
Cited as an example of a philosopher who was not recognized by most people but was content with being a philosopher and not being thought one.
To a Person Who Had Been Changed to a Character of Shamelessness
Mentioned as a model of virtue that the person has abandoned in favor of corrupting influences.
XI: About Purity (Cleanliness)
Cited as an example of a philosopher who washed seldom but was clean and pleasant in appearance, loved for his character.
