Passions and the Self

Where it surfaces

• Section X: Of the Influence of Belief

  The chapter examines how belief influences the passions, and how passions in turn can make ideas more readily believed, as in the case of a coward's fear.

• Book II: Of the Passions

  The chapter introduces the passions as a distinct class of impressions and sets the stage for exploring how they relate to the self, particularly through pride and humility.

• Part I: Of Pride and Humility

  The chapter's central focus is on pride and humility as passions that have the self as their necessary and primary object.

• Section I: Division of the Subject

  The chapter introduces the classification of passions into direct and indirect, setting the stage for an analysis of how passions relate to the self and to external objects.

• Section II: Of Pride and Humility, Their Objects and Causes

  Pride and humility are passions that have the self as their object, and their causes are external qualities or subjects related to the self.

• Section III: Whence These Objects and Causes Are Derived

  Discusses how pride and humility have self as their object, determined by an original property.

• Section IV: Of the Relations of Impressions and Ideas

  The association of impressions is shown to influence the passions, as emotions naturally transition to related ones, affecting the self's experience.

• Section V: Of the Influence of These Relations on Pride and Humility

  The chapter explores how pride and humility are directed at the self, and how external objects related to self influence these passions.

• Section VI: Limitations of This System

  Hume examines how pride and humility are passions directed at the self, requiring specific conditions for their production.

• Section VII: Of Vice and Virtue

  The chapter explores how pride and humility, as passions, are caused by qualities related to the self that produce pleasure or uneasiness.

• Section VIII: Of Beauty and Deformity

  Pride and humility are passions directed at the self, and beauty or deformity of the body, being closely related to self, triggers these passions through the double relation of impressions and ideas.

• Section IX: Of External Advantages and Disadvantages

  The chapter focuses on how pride and humility, which have the self as their object, are triggered by external objects that are related to the self, and how the double relation of impressions and ideas facilitates this process.

• Section X: Of Property and Riches

  Pride arises from property and riches through the double relation of impressions and ideas, with the self as object.

• Section XI: Of the Love of Fame

  The chapter examines how pride and humility are influenced by the opinions of others, linking the passions to our sense of self and reputation.

• Section XII: Of the Pride and Humility of Animals

  Hume argues that pride and humility are passions that have the self as their object, and this holds true across species.

• Part II: Of Love and Hatred

  The chapter explores how love and hatred are directed at the self or others, and how these passions are central to our sense of identity and social interactions.

• Section I: Of the Object and Causes of Love and Hatred

  Hume distinguishes love and hatred from pride and humility by their objects: the former directed at others, the latter at self.

• Section II: Experiments to Confirm This System

  The chapter explores how pride and humility are directed at the self, and how external objects influence these passions through double relations.

• Section III: Difficulties Solved

  Examines how love and hatred are caused by pleasure and uneasiness, and how intention and character qualities influence these passions.

• Section IV: Of the Love of Relations

  The self is central to the generation of love and pride, as the idea of ourselves conveys vivacity to related objects.

• Section VI: Of Benevolence and Anger

  Hume examines the nature of love and hatred, and their connection to benevolence and anger, highlighting the complexity of the passions.

• Section VIII: Of Malice and Envy

  Examines how passions like malice and envy are tied to self-evaluation and comparison with others.

• Section IX: Of the Mixture of Benevolence and Anger with Compassion and Malice

  The chapter examines how passions like pity and malice are directed toward others and how they relate to the self's desires and aversions.

• Section X: Of Respect and Contempt

  Explores how respect and contempt are formed through comparison with oneself, involving pride and humility.

• Section XI: Of the Amorous Passion, or Love Betwixt the Sexes

  Hume explores the compound passion of love, its components, and how they relate to the self and others.

• Section XII: Of the Love and Hatred of Animals

  Hume examines love and hatred as passions common to animals, showing they operate without complex self-reflection.

• Part III: Of the Will and Direct Passions

  The chapter directly investigates the nature of the will and direct passions, their causes, and their effects on human action.

• Section III: Of the Influencing Motives of the Will

  Hume examines the nature of passions as original existences and their role in motivating the will, arguing they are not subject to rational contradiction.

• Section IV: Of the Causes of the Violent Passions

  Hume explores how passions are influenced by circumstances, distinguishing calm from violent passions and their role in action.

• Section V: Of the Effects of Custom

  Explores how custom modifies passions, converting pleasure into pain and vice versa, affecting the self's experience.

• Section VIII: The Same Subject Continued

  The chapter examines how passions such as admiration and veneration are influenced by the perceived distance of objects, and how opposition invigorates the soul.

• Section IX: Of the Direct Passions

  Hume explores the direct passions (desire, aversion, grief, joy, hope, fear) as arising from pain and pleasure, and their relation to the self.

• Section X: Of Curiosity, or the Love of Truth

  Hume explores the passion of curiosity as a distinct affection, examining its causes and mechanisms, and how it relates to pleasure and pain.

• Section VII: Of the Origin of Government

  Human nature's tendency to prefer the contiguous over the remote is a central passion that government must correct.

• Section II: Of Greatness of Mind

  Examines pride and humility as passions directed at the self, and how their excess or just proportion is judged as virtuous or vicious.

• Appendix

  The appendix deeply examines the nature of the self, questioning its simplicity and identity, and linking it to perceptions.