Association of Ideas

Where it surfaces

• Book I: Of the Understanding

  The principles of resemblance, contiguity, and cause and effect govern the connection of ideas.

• Part I: Of Ideas, Their Origin, Composition, Connection, Abstraction, etc.

  The chapter outlines the principles of association—resemblance, contiguity, and cause and effect—that connect ideas.

• Section III: Of the Ideas of the Memory and Imagination

  The liberty of imagination to transpose ideas is based on the separability of impressions, a key principle in Hume's associationist framework.

• Section IV: Of the Connection or Association of Ideas

  Hume identifies three principles of association—resemblance, contiguity, and cause and effect—that guide the imagination's connection of simple ideas.

• Section V: Of Relations

  Hume distinguishes natural relations that connect ideas in the imagination from philosophical relations based on arbitrary comparison.

• Section IX: Of the Effects of Other Relations and Other Habits

  The chapter explores the associative principles of resemblance, contiguity, and causation, and their differing effects on belief.

• Section XII: Of the Probability of Causes

  The chapter discusses how the mind associates ideas through resemblance and constant conjunction, and how the force of these associations is weakened when the conjunction is not constant or the resemblance is imperfect.

• Section XIII: Of Unphilosophical Probability

  The force and vivacity of ideas, central to belief, are influenced by the association of ideas through custom and habit, as seen in the transition from cause to effect.

• Section VI: Of Personal Identity

  Personal identity is explained through the association of ideas by resemblance and causation, which creates the smooth transition of thought that leads us to attribute identity.

• Section IV: Of the Relations of Impressions and Ideas

  Hume details the association of ideas by resemblance, contiguity, and causation, and introduces a parallel association of impressions.

• Section V: Of the Influence of These Relations on Pride and Humility

  Hume applies the principles of association to explain the transition between impressions and ideas in the production of pride and humility.

• Section IX: Of External Advantages and Disadvantages

  Hume explains how the association of ideas via contiguity and causation is necessary for external objects to influence pride and humility, and how the strength of these associations affects the passion.

• Section X: Of Property and Riches

  Property creates a perfect relation of ideas between object and proprietor, facilitating the transition of affections.

• Section XII: Of the Pride and Humility of Animals

  Hume demonstrates that animals exhibit the same associative principles (contiguity, resemblance, causation) as humans, supporting his theory.

• Section II: Experiments to Confirm This System

  The experiments demonstrate the role of association of ideas in the transition of passions from one object to related objects.

• Section IV: Of the Love of Relations

  Hume applies the principles of association (resemblance, contiguity, causation) to explain the love of relations and acquaintance.

• Section XI: Of the Amorous Passion, or Love Betwixt the Sexes

  The chapter demonstrates the role of relations of resemblance and parallel desires in connecting passions and ideas.

• Section VII: Of Contiguity and Distance in Space and Time

  The chapter illustrates how the imagination transitions between ideas based on contiguity in space and time, a key principle of association.

• Section VIII: The Same Subject Continued

  Hume explains how the imagination naturally transitions from the idea of distance to the distant object, transferring passions along the way.

• Section III: Of the Rules Which Determine Property

  The imagination and association of ideas play a key role in connecting objects to persons, as in accession and succession.