Fate and Irony

Where it surfaces

• I

  The sweating Roman Emperors foreshadow the doom Zuleika brings to Oxford, an ironic warning from stone figures.

• VI

  The Duke's attempt to flee his love is futile; he is 'stranded forever' on the isle of the enchantress. The bulldog's instinctive rejection of Zuleika also carries ironic weight.

• VII

  The Duke's belief that his death will save others from Zuleika's allure is ironic, as she is more captivated by his resolve than ever.

• VIII

  The ghost of Humphrey Greddon, a figure from the past, watches the doomed men, and the Duke's attempt to save them only inspires their fatal resolve.

• XI

  Zeus's intervention and the narrator's mission highlight the ironic interplay between divine will and human events.

• XIII

  The Duke's sneeze and cold are ironic physical betrayals that undermine his grand resolve, and the gods laugh at his predicament.

• Chapter XIV

  The Duke's ironic detachment is undercut by the telegram about the owls, an omen that seals his fate despite his belief in his own mastery.

• XV

  The Duke's own example, meant to inspire, instead seals the undergraduates' resolve, and his last-minute medicine dash underscores the ironic twists of fate.

• XVI

  The omen of the owls and the telegram from the steward underscore the theme of inescapable fate. The Duke's attempt to use this to punish Zuleika backfires when she regains control, creating an ironic reversal.

• XIX

  The gods misinterpret the Duke's ironic statement about dying after the races, causing his death to occur at their chosen moment.

• XXIII

  Zuleika's realization that she is a 'scourge' and her decision to become a nun after causing so much death is deeply ironic.

• Endnotes

  The note about the anachronistic reference to George III introduces an ironic twist regarding historical accuracy.