Critique of materialism

Walden’s funniest and sharpest passages target keeping up appearances: fine coats, larger houses, coffee and meat as unnecessary taxes on the spirit. The narrator visits the village and feels how commerce narrows vision — people stare at goods, not at skies. Baker Farm’s John Field shows how poverty can still chase luxury’s shadow.

Materialism is not only personal; it is political. Thoreau links economic hurry to willingness to accept slavery and imperial war. Self-reliance means owning your values, not merely growing beans. Pair this concept with “Economy’s” account tables and “The Village’s” sober return from town — students often think Walden is anti-technology alone; the deeper argument is anti-unexamined consumption.