# How does Under Western Eyes develop the theme of Betrayal and Guilt?

> Under Western Eyes by Joseph Conrad

## Answer

Under Western Eyes by Joseph Conrad develops Betrayal and Guilt across the chapters the companion marks for this theme.

Razumov's betrayal of the revolutionary Haldin to the authorities drives the narrative, leading to profound psychological torment, guilt, and a desperate need for confession and redemption.

Razumov's internal conflict and his decision to betray Haldin to protect his own future.

Razumov's numbness and self-justification after betraying Haldin highlight the psychological toll of betrayal, as he repeatedly insists he told no lies while grappling with overwhelming guilt.

Razumov's betrayal of Haldin and his subsequent recruitment as a spy are driven by guilt and the need to escape his past, yet he remains trapped by his own actions.

## Evidence

- [part-i-i](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/under_western_eyes_se/chapters/part-i-i.md): Razumov's internal conflict and his decision to betray Haldin to protect his own future.
- [part-i-iii](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/under_western_eyes_se/chapters/part-i-iii.md): Razumov's numbness and self-justification after betraying Haldin highlight the psychological toll of betrayal, as he repeatedly insists he told no lies while grappling with overwhelming guilt.
- [part-iv-i](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/under_western_eyes_se/chapters/part-iv-i.md): Razumov's betrayal of Haldin and his subsequent recruitment as a spy are driven by guilt and the need to escape his past, yet he remains trapped by his own actions.
- [part-iv-iv](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/under_western_eyes_se/chapters/part-iv-iv.md): Razumov's public confession and his internal torment highlight the central theme of betrayal and the crushing weight of guilt.
- [part-iv-v](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/under_western_eyes_se/chapters/part-iv-v.md): Razumov's public confession and his lifelong guilt are central; Nikita's double betrayal underscores the theme.

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