Toilers of the Sea · Question
How does Toilers of the Sea develop the theme of Superstition vs. Progress?
Answer
Toilers of the Sea by Victor Hugo develops Superstition vs. Progress across the chapters the companion marks for this theme.
The novel contrasts the superstitious beliefs of the Guernsey community—who see Gilliatt as a 'marcou' or devil-touched, and the steamboat as an 'atheistical construction'—with the practical, forward-thinking ingenuity of characters like Lethierry and Gilliatt.
The Durande, as a steamship, symbolizes progress, while the superstitious fears of the islanders regarding the Douvres reef represent the lingering power of superstition.
The community's superstitious view of Gilliatt contrasts with his practical skills and knowledge of the sea.
The chapter contrasts the enduring superstitions of the Channel Islands with the 'enlightenment of the nineteenth century,' highlighting the persistence of belief in sorcery and demonic visits.
Evidence in the book
- Part I: Sieur Clubin
The Durande, as a steamship, symbolizes progress, while the superstitious fears of the islanders regarding the Douvres reef represent the lingering power of superstition.
- Book I: The History of a Bad Reputation
The community's superstitious view of Gilliatt contrasts with his practical skills and knowledge of the sea.
- The Bû de la Rue
The chapter contrasts the enduring superstitions of the Channel Islands with the 'enlightenment of the nineteenth century,' highlighting the persistence of belief in sorcery and demonic visits.
- For Your Wife: When You Marry
The Bû de la Rue is haunted until the woman moves in; the locals accept her with proverbs like 'Witch's candle is as good as devil's torch,' blending superstition with practical acceptance.
- An Unpopular Man
The community's fear of Gilliatt is rooted in superstitions about sorcery, mythical creatures, and omens, contrasting with his rational pursuits like reading and gardening.
- V: More Suspicious Facts About Gilliatt
The chapter contrasts superstitious beliefs about Gilliatt as a marcou or cambion with the skepticism of figures like the parish clerk, who ridicules ghost stories yet carries a charm.
- The Dutch Sloop
The townspeople attribute Gilliatt's success to a hidden medlar branch, reflecting superstitious beliefs that overshadow his genuine skill and ingenuity.
- A Fit Tenant for a Haunted House
Gilliatt's speculative ideas about transparent air creatures and the dream world blur the line between rational observation and superstitious or mystical belief, reflecting the tension between empirical knowledge and imaginative vision.
