# The Windfairies — Themes > Major themes in The Windfairies by Mary De Morgan. ## Promises and Consequences The book repeatedly explores the importance of keeping one's word, as seen in Lucilla's pact with the windfairies, where breaking her promise would lead to severe punishment, and in the potter's tale, where a magical cup's spell depends on a single draught. ### Where it surfaces - [The Windfairies](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-windfairies): Lucilla promises the windfairies to keep their secret, and the story explores the consequences of that promise and its eventual fulfillment. - [Nanina's Sheep](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/nanina-s-sheep): Nanina promises her master to care for the flock and avoid the palace, but her disobedience results in the loss of all her sheep and lasting physical pain. - [The Ploughman and the Gnome](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-ploughman-and-the-gnome): The compact between the ploughman and the gnome drives the plot, with each broken promise bringing severe repercussions. ## Nature and Magic Nature is deeply intertwined with magical elements, such as windfairies controlling the weather, a pool transforming into a cloud to reunite with a tree, and a shepherd's daughter dancing in the rain, suggesting a mystical connection between the natural world and human experience. ### Where it surfaces - [The Windfairies](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-windfairies): The Windfairies represent the intersection of natural elements and magical forces, driving the chapter's events. - [The Windfairies](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-windfairies): The windfairies embody the forces of nature, and their magic influences Lucilla's life, from her dancing to her rescue. - [The Rain Maiden](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-rain-maiden): The mysterious woman who grants the child, the girl's magical connection to rain and water, and the supernatural events surrounding her birth and behavior. ## Vanity and Ambition Characters like Kesta and the old gentleman in the cat story are driven by vanity or greed, seeking to improve their social standing or wealth, often leading to humiliation or loss, as Kesta's overreaching ambition results in being chased from the town. ### Where it surfaces - [Vain Kesta](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/vain-kesta): Kesta's vanity leads her to believe she deserves a wealthy husband, driving her to reject Adam and pursue higher-status men. ## Love and Sacrifice Love is portrayed as requiring sacrifice, as in the pool and the tree, where the pool gives up its existence to become a cloud and reunite with the tree, and in the shepherd's daughter, who refuses royal marriage to stay with her mother. ### Where it surfaces - [The Windfairies](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-windfairies): Lucilla marries the sailor for love, and later the windfairies' help reunites her family, highlighting love's endurance through hardship. - [The Pool and the Tree](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-pool-and-the-tree): The pool sacrifices its form and travels across the world to reunite with and save the tree. - [The Gipsy's Cup](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-gipsy-s-cup): The potter's wife sacrifices her comfort, weaving and waiting faithfully for her husband's return, while the potter journeys tirelessly to break the charm for her sake. - [Dumb Othmar](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/dumb-othmar): Hulda's courageous actions to save Othmar, despite her own fear and lack of beauty, demonstrate selfless love. - [The Rain Maiden](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-rain-maiden): The mother's love for her daughter is tested by her ambition for the girl's royal marriage, while the daughter's love for her mother leads her to refuse the prince. ## Innocence and Temptation Innocent characters like Lucilla and Nanina are tempted by magical beings or forbidden places, leading to both joy and danger, such as Nanina's irresistible urge to dance with the shepherd boy, resulting in the loss of her sheep. ### Where it surfaces - [Nanina's Sheep](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/nanina-s-sheep): Nanina's curiosity leads her to the forbidden palace, and she repeatedly succumbs to the temptation of dancing with the fairy shepherd despite knowing the consequences. - [Dumb Othmar](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/dumb-othmar): Othmar's innocent love of music makes him vulnerable to the dwarf's enchanting performance, leading to the loss of his voice. - [The Rain Maiden](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-rain-maiden): The daughter's innocent, natural ways are contrasted with the temptation of wealth, status, and royal marriage offered by the prince. ## Social Class and Marriage Marriage is often depicted as a means to improve social status, as in Kesta's pursuit of wealthier suitors and the shepherd's daughter's rejection of a prince, highlighting tensions between personal desire and societal expectations. ### Where it surfaces - [Vain Kesta](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/vain-kesta): The story highlights the rigid class boundaries: Kesta's attempt to marry the Duke is deemed impertinent because she is a common dairymaid. ## Transformation and Identity Characters undergo physical or spiritual transformations, such as the pool becoming a cloud, Lucilla gaining magical dancing abilities, and the gipsy girl's pots acquiring enchanted properties, reflecting changes in identity or purpose. ### Where it surfaces - [The Pool and the Tree](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-pool-and-the-tree): The pool transforms into a cloud and later into underground water, changing its identity to reunite with the tree. - [Nanina's Sheep](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/nanina-s-sheep): The beech tree's roots hold Nanina's feet, causing her to walk lame, and scarlet flowers spring from her blood, marking her transformation and the lasting reminder of her lesson. - [The Story of a Cat](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-story-of-a-cat): The old gentleman undergoes a subtle transformation from a cold-hearted miser to someone capable of pity and affection, mirrored by the grey cat's recovery after the stray's arrival. - [Dumb Othmar](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/dumb-othmar): Musical instruments transform into human dancers, and Othmar's voice is stolen and transferred to another, highlighting themes of identity and change. ## Greed and Its Downfall Greed leads to negative outcomes, as seen in the old gentleman who values the cat only for its potential sale, and in the ploughman's gnome bargain, where material gain comes with hidden costs and eventual loss. ### Where it surfaces - [The Pool and the Tree](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-pool-and-the-tree): The travellers greedily uproot the tree for its rarity, causing suffering, though the tree is ultimately saved by the pool's love. - [The Gipsy's Cup](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-gipsy-s-cup): The gipsy man's boastful greed for the beautiful woman and his attempt to reclaim the cup lead to his expulsion and defeat. - [The Story of a Cat](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-story-of-a-cat): The old gentleman's obsession with money leads him to refuse charity and plan to sell the cat, but his greed is ultimately challenged when the cat falls ill and he learns to value companionship over wealth. - [The Ploughman and the Gnome](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/the_windfairies_se/chapters/the-ploughman-and-the-gnome): The ploughman's initial greed for wealth leads to a dangerous pact that threatens his wife's well-being and their happiness. 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