The Rights of Man · Chapter
Of Society and Civilisation explained
Paine argues that society is naturally self-regulating through mutual dependence and common interest, and that government is only necessary for the few cases where society cannot manage itself.
What happens
Paine argues that society is naturally self-regulating through mutual dependence and common interest, and that government is only necessary for the few cases where society cannot manage itself. He contrasts the natural order of society with the artificial impositions of government, using the American Revolution as evidence that people can govern themselves without formal structures.
Free preview opens on this chapter — companions, themes, and character notes appear beside the text.
Narrative arc
Story tension across the book — this chapter sits in Climax.
- Setup
- Breaking point
- Aftermath
- Closing
This passage constitutes the story's dramatic climax because it presents the emotional and psychological peak…
Full beat labels and climax notes unlock in the reader.
Follow the arc while readingThemes in this chapter
- Society vs. Government
Paine distinguishes between the natural order of society and the artificial institution of government, arguing that society is largely self-sufficient.
- Natural Rights of Man
Implied in the discussion of man's natural social affections and the rights that precede government.
- Revolution and Reform
The American Revolution is presented as a model for discovering the true principles of government.
Characters to notice
- Edmund Burke
Criticized as a 'metaphysical man' who would overcomplicate the simple principles of self-governance.
Key passages
“Great part of that order which reigns among mankind is not the effect of government. It has its origin in the principles of society and the natural constitution of man.”
Much of the order in human life comes from society itself, not from government.
Paine establishes the central thesis that society is naturally orderly.
“Government is no farther necessary than to supply the few cases to which society and civilisation are not conveniently competent.”
Government is only needed for the rare situations that society cannot handle on its own.
Paine limits the role of government to a minimal, supplementary function.
“The more perfect civilisation is, the less occasion has it for government, because the more does it regulate its own affairs, and govern itself.”
The more advanced a civilization, the less it needs government, as it becomes more self-regulating.
Paine argues that progress reduces the need for government intervention.
