The Public and Its Problems

John Dewey's 'The Public and Its Problems' diagnoses the 'eclipse of the public' in modern industrial society, arguing that genuine democracy requires a 'Great Community' built on effective communication and shared inquiry. He challenges atomistic individualism, advocating for an experimental, participatory approach to politics where the public continually rediscovers and organizes itself to address the indirect consequences of human actions.

Dewey begins by defining the public as those affected by the indirect consequences of transactions, distinct from the state as a formal organization. He argues that the state is not a fixed entity but an organized public that emerges when consequences become serious and lasting. In 'The Democratic State,' he examines the dual role of officials and voters, who must balance private interests with the public good. Dewey then diagnoses 'The Eclipse of the Public,' where the vast scale of industrial and technological forces has left citizens bewildered and disconnected from local community life. He contrasts this fragmented 'Great Society' with the ideal 'Great Community,' which requires face-to-face interaction and shared understanding. Dewey emphasizes that democracy is not merely a political system but a social idea that must permeate all associations. The key to revitalizing the public lies in improving communication and applying scientific intelligence to social problems. He critiques the flawed conception of the isolated individual, insisting that individuality is defined by relationships and consequences. Ultimately, Dewey calls for a method of inquiry and experimental intelligence to overcome the obstacles to public self-discovery and achieve a truly democratic society.