Social Class and Identity

The book explores Henry Esmond's struggle with his ambiguous social status as a presumed bastard, his eventual discovery of his noble lineage, and the tension between inherent worth and aristocratic birth in 18th-century English society.

Henry's ambiguous status as a 'dependant' and 'no servant' highlights the complexities of class and belonging within the aristocratic household.

Henry, a lowly page, experiences a worshipful love for his aristocratic mistress, highlighting the class divide and his own ambiguous status.

Henry's low birth is thrown in his face by Lady Castlewood, highlighting the tension between his dependent status and his place in the household.

Henry's sense of shame about his birth and his pride lead to social isolation at Cambridge, highlighting the importance of class in shaping identity.