Why do Marx and Engels call for revolution?

They call for revolution because the bourgeois state and property system defend exploitation by force and law; incremental charity cannot dissolve class antagonism built into production. Historical evidence in Section I shows bourgeois rule itself arrived through violent overturn of feudal orders; proletarian emancipation requires comparable political seizure to reorganize economy and education.

Revolution is also timely rhetoric for 1848: communists must side with insurrectionary movements while keeping independent organization. The Manifesto rejects utopian schemes that ask workers to wait for benevolent experiments. Teach students to separate descriptive prediction (proletariat grows, crises sharpen) from prescriptive strategy (communists everywhere support radical opposition). Revolution is the named path because reformism, in their analysis, leaves capital intact.