Tao Te Ching · Question
How does Tao Te Ching develop the theme of Simplicity and Humility?
Answer
Tao Te Ching by Laozi develops Simplicity and Humility across the chapters the companion marks for this theme.
The book repeatedly praises the virtues of being simple, humble, and content, using metaphors like water (which benefits all while seeking the lowest place) and the uncarved block, while warning against ambition, desire, and pride.
The Tao is associated with 'the nameless simplicity' and the state of being 'without desire, at rest and still,' which allows all things to go right.
Laozi's advice to Confucius includes putting away proud air and desires, and appearing poor despite rich treasures.
The chapter warns against arrogance from wealth and honors, advocating for humility and withdrawal.
Evidence in the book
- What Is the Meaning of the Name Tao? And the Chief Points of the Belief in Taoism
The Tao is associated with 'the nameless simplicity' and the state of being 'without desire, at rest and still,' which allows all things to go right.
- Accounts of Laozi and Chuang-Tzŭ Given by Ssŭ-Ma Chʽien
Laozi's advice to Confucius includes putting away proud air and desires, and appearing poor despite rich treasures.
- IX
The chapter warns against arrogance from wealth and honors, advocating for humility and withdrawal.
- XII
Advocates for satisfying the belly over the eyes, emphasizing inner contentment over sensory excess.
- Chapter XV
The metaphors of uncarved wood, vacant valley, and not being full of oneself highlight the value of simplicity and humility.
- XIX
Advocates for simple views and plain courses to eschew selfish ends and lusts, emphasizing a return to unadorned living.
- Chapter XX
The sage appears foolish, dull, and lost, yet values the Tao above all.
- XXII
The sage's embrace of humility and freedom from self-display, self-assertion, self-boasting, and self-complacency is central to the teaching.
