# Sticks and Stones — Character guide

> Key figures in Sticks and Stones by Lewis Mumford.

- [H. H. Richardson](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/h_h_richardson.md): Richardson built foursquare monuments of rough stone and round arch for the coal and steel barons, a mode Mumford reads as both artistic conviction and a new feudalism entrenching itself against the uneasy proletariat. H
- [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/thomas_jefferson.md): Jefferson embodied the eighteenth-century gentleman who had read Horace and Livy with one foot in his own age and the other in the grave of Rome, and he had nothing but contempt for the free Georgian vernacular. After th
- [Horace Walpole](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/horace_walpole.md): Writer and architectural enthusiast, cited for Gothic revival views.
- [John Ruskin](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/john_ruskin.md): When Ruskin began his campaign, the Crystal Palace builders saw only two choices, and his defense of handicraft looked like a fugitive philosophy. Mumford argues that what seemed nostalgic turned out to be intelligent cr
- [Benjamin Latrobe](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/benjamin_latrobe.md): Early American architect known for neoclassical public buildings.
- [Daniel Burnham](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/daniel_burnham.md): Burnham's plans sought the dignity and decisiveness of the formal plan, but accepted improvements at the value placed on them by Big Business, as creators of land-values and commercial attractiveness. His weakness was ne
- [Charles McKim](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/charles_mckim.md): Beaux-Arts architect, partner in McKim, Mead & White.
- [William Morris Hunt](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/william_morris_hunt.md): American painter and architect, influenced by French styles.
- [Louis Sullivan](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/louis_sullivan.md): Sullivan belongs to the generation that studied at the École des Beaux Arts and sought a neutral mode consecrated by established canons of good taste, even as steel-cage construction placed a premium on the mask. His bit
- [Major L'Enfant](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/major_lenfant.md): French-born architect who designed the plan for Washington, D.C.
- [Andrea Palladio](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/andrea_palladio.md): Renaissance architect whose villa designs shaped Western architecture.
- [Charles Dickens](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/charles_dickens.md): Novelist whose descriptions of cities are referenced for social critique.
- [Bertram Goodhue](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/bertram_goodhue.md): Architect known for Gothic revival and early skyscrapers.
- [Lord Burlington](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/lord_burlington.md): Patron of Palladian architecture in 18th-century England.
- [Geoffrey Scott](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/geoffrey_scott.md): Architectural historian and author of The Architecture of Humanism.
- [Christopher Wren](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/christopher_wren.md): English architect who rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire.
- [Robert Adam](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/robert_adam.md): Neoclassical architect known for elegant interior design.
- [Frank Lloyd Wright](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/frank_lloyd_wright.md): Wright's designs are the very products of the prairie, flat-roofed and horizontal, representing modern tendencies but for an entirely different set of human purposes than the factory or grain elevator. Mumford uses him t
- [Samuel McIntire](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/samuel_mcintire.md): Woodcarver and architect in early Federal-era Salem.
- [Viollet-le-Duc](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/viollet_le_duc.md): French architect and theorist of Gothic revival restoration.
- [Thomas Hardy](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/thomas_hardy.md): Novelist and poet whose architectural background influenced his work.
- [Alexander Pope](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/alexander_pope.md): Poet whose writings on taste and landscape are cited.
- [Fiske Kimball](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/fiske_kimball.md): Architectural historian and museum director.
- [Edgar Allan Poe](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/edgar_allan_poe.md): Writer whose architectural imagery is analyzed for romantic decay.
- [Ralph Waldo Emerson](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/ralph_waldo_emerson.md): Transcendentalist philosopher whose ideas on nature and art appear.
- [L. H. Buffington](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/l_h_buffington.md): Architect who designed early skyscrapers in the Midwest.
- [Stanford White](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/stanford_white.md): Beaux-Arts architect, partner in McKim, Mead & White.
- [Henry George](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/henry_george.md): Political economist whose land tax theories influenced urban reform.
- [Georges-Eugène Haussmann](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/georges_eugene_haussmann.md): Prefect who modernized Paris with wide boulevards and parks.
- [George Perkins Marsh](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/george_perkins_marsh.md): Early environmentalist whose work on human impact on nature is cited.
- [Patrick Geddes](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/patrick_geddes.md): Scottish biologist and urban planning theorist.
- [Henry Wright](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/henry_wright.md): Landscape architect and planner of garden cities.
- [Charles Bulfinch](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/charles_bulfinch.md): Early American architect of the Federal style, designed Massachusetts State House.
- [Ralph Adams Cram](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/ralph_adams_cram.md): Gothic revival architect and writer on medievalism.
- [John Wellborn Root](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/john_wellborn_root.md): Chicago School architect, partner of Daniel Burnham.
- [Edward Bennett](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/edward_bennett.md): Architect and city planner, co-author of the Chicago Plan.
- [Ebenezer Howard](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/ebenezer_howard.md): Founder of the garden city movement in urban planning.
- [Benton MacKaye](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/benton_mackaye.md): Forester and planner, co-founder of the Appalachian Trail.
- [Robert Dale Owen](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/robert_dale_owen.md): Social reformer and advocate for utopian communities.
- [Washington Roebling](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/washington_roebling.md): Engineer who completed the Brooklyn Bridge after his father's death.
- [Henry Bacon](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/henry_bacon.md): Architect of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
- [Bassett Jones](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters/bassett_jones.md): Engineer and writer on architectural lighting and acoustics.

HTML index: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/sticks_and_stones_se/characters