Representative Men · Theme
Action vs. Contemplation
How Representative Men develops Action vs. Contemplation.
The book contrasts the life of practical action (embodied by Napoleon) with the life of thought and contemplation (embodied by Goethe and Swedenborg), questioning which yields higher truth and lasting influence.
Where it surfaces
- IV: Montaigne; or, the Skeptic
The chapter contrasts the men of talent and action (perception of difference) with men of faith and philosophy (perception of identity), and explores the tension between the practical and the ideal.
- V: Shakespeare; or, the Poet
The chapter contrasts Shakespeare's worldly, active life as a jovial actor and manager with the contemplative, spiritual depth expected of a poet-priest.
- Napoleon; or, the Man of the World
Napoleon is portrayed as a man of pure action and practical genius, a realist who 'sees where the matter hinges' and acts with directness. This contrasts with the contemplative life, as he subordinates all intellectual and spiritual forces to material success.