# Pastors and Masters — Themes > Major themes in Pastors and Masters by Ivy Compton-Burnett. ## Duty and Obligation The book explores the burdens and hypocrisies of duty, particularly through Mr. Merry's constant complaints about schoolmastering and the characters' ironic comments about the 'sight of duty' making one shiver. ### Where it surfaces - [I](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/i): The characters are bound by their roles: Mr. Merry as schoolmaster, Mrs. Merry as long-suffering wife, Miss Basden as dutiful employee; the boys' gift to Mrs. Merry underscores social expectations. - [II](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/ii): The conversation opens with Herrick and Emily discussing Mr. Merry's sense of duty, and extends to Herrick's own sense of obligation to the school and to his friends. ## Hypocrisy and Appearance Characters maintain polite facades while expressing cutting judgments, as seen in Mr. Merry's public charm versus private despair, and the dinner party's pretense of living differently than they do. ### Where it surfaces - [I](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/i): Mr. Merry publicly berates the boys for ungentlemanly behavior while himself performing a calculated, self-pitying role; his flattery of the parent contrasts sharply with his private complaints. - [Chapter IV](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/iv): Mr. Merry's public scolding of the boys for untidiness contrasts with his private anxiety about the prize-giving, highlighting the gap between surface decorum and underlying chaos. - [V](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/v): Mr. Bentley criticizes his children for self-absorption while being oblivious to his own self-centeredness and lack of empathy. - [VI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/vi): The characters maintain polite facades while concealing the truth about the books' origins and their own deceptions. - [Chapter VII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/vii): Herrick's deflection about his book and the polite yet cutting remarks among guests reveal the gap between social niceties and underlying tensions. ## Creativity and Failure The central plot revolves around Herrick and Bumpus both writing books late in life, highlighting themes of unrealized potential, the coincidence of creative inspiration, and the anxiety of artistic achievement. ### Where it surfaces - [II](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/ii): Herrick's disappointment in only producing critical work and Bumpus's anguish over his lost manuscript highlight the tension between creative ambition and perceived failure. - [Chapter IV](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/iv): Herrick and Bumpus discuss their books as exposures of new or old selves, revealing the vulnerability and fear of failure inherent in creative work. - [VI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/vi): Herrick and Bumpus struggle with creative inadequacy, leading to plagiarism and the recycling of old work. ## Power and Hierarchy The novel examines power dynamics in families, schools, and society, including Mr. Bentley's tyrannical control over his children, the subtle dominance of the Herricks over Mr. Merry, and gender hierarchies discussed by the women. ### Where it surfaces - [I](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/i): Mr. Merry exerts authority over boys and staff, yet is himself subject to the demands of parents and the school's financial pressures; Mr. Herrick's silent aloofness hints at a separate power dynamic. - [V](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/v): Mr. Bentley asserts his authority over his children and daughter, using silence and criticism to maintain control. ## Gender Roles Women's limited roles are explicitly debated, with Miss Basden and Emily discussing women's suffrage, divorce laws, and being classed with 'paupers and idiots,' while men like Francis Fletcher patronizingly praise women's 'province.' ### Where it surfaces - [III](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/iii): Miss Lydia asserts that preaching is not a woman's business, while Emily and Theresa discuss the limitations placed on women in marriage and work. - [Chapter VII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/vii): The chapter features a heated debate between Francis Fletcher and Miss Basden on women's intellectual capabilities, suffrage, and divorce laws, highlighting conflicting views on women's place in society. ## Aging and Mortality Death and aging pervade the narrative, from old Crabbe's peaceful death to Herrick's reflections on being 'past the danger age' and Emily's sardonic comments about her own unattended deathbed. ### Where it surfaces - [II](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/ii): The chapter centers on Crabbe's death and the characters' reflections on their own aging, the fear of death, and the desire to be surrounded by friends at the end. - [VI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/vi): Emily's birthday reflections on turning fifty-one highlight her fear of dwindling life and dissatisfaction with living. ## Family Dynamics Complex family relationships are dissected, including the Herrick siblings' codependence, the Fletchers' strained marriage, and the Bentleys' oppressive father-child interactions, revealing affection mixed with resentment. ### Where it surfaces - [III](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/iii): Emily's complex devotion to her brother Nicholas and the Fletcher family's interactions reveal deep familial bonds and tensions. - [V](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/v): The Bentley family is characterized by tension, passive-aggression, and a lack of open communication, highlighting the struggles within a patriarchal household. ## Education and Authority The school setting exposes the absurdities of educational authority, with Mr. Merry's theatrical scoldings, the boys' passive resistance, and the Herricks' detached manipulation of the school's leadership. ### Where it surfaces - [Chapter VII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/chapters/vii): Discussions about reading habits and the value of different literatures reflect broader questions about intellectual authority and the education of women and men. HTML: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/pastors_and_masters_se/themes