# How does Orlando Furioso develop the theme of Constancy and Fickleness?

> Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto

## Answer

Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto develops Constancy and Fickleness across the chapters the companion marks for this theme.

The poem contrasts faithful lovers like Olympia with fickle characters like Bireno and Angelica, examining how loyalty and inconstancy affect relationships and lead to suffering or redemption.

Olympia's unwavering faithfulness contrasts sharply with Bireno's fickle desire for a younger woman, highlighting the theme of constancy versus fickleness.

Medoro and Cloridan's unwavering loyalty to their fallen lord Dardinello contrasts with the fickle treatment Gryphon receives from Norandino.

Lydia's story exemplifies fickleness and ingratitude toward a constant lover, leading to her eternal punishment.

## Evidence

- [canto-x](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/orlando_furioso_se/chapters/canto-x.md): Olympia's unwavering faithfulness contrasts sharply with Bireno's fickle desire for a younger woman, highlighting the theme of constancy versus fickleness.
- [canto-xviii](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/orlando_furioso_se/chapters/canto-xviii.md): Medoro and Cloridan's unwavering loyalty to their fallen lord Dardinello contrasts with the fickle treatment Gryphon receives from Norandino.
- [canto-xxxiv](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/orlando_furioso_se/chapters/canto-xxxiv.md): Lydia's story exemplifies fickleness and ingratitude toward a constant lover, leading to her eternal punishment.
- [canto-xliii](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/orlando_furioso_se/chapters/canto-xliii.md): The host's initial faith in his wife is undermined by jealousy, and her constancy fails when tempted by avarice.
- [canto-xliv](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/orlando_furioso_se/chapters/canto-xliv.md): Bradamant's message of unwavering fidelity contrasts with the fickleness of courtly alliances and Aymon's changing plans.

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