# Class and Social Hierarchy in On the Eve

> Theme guide for On the Eve by Ivan Turgenev.

The Stahov family's status as gentry, Insarov's humble origins, and the marriage of a noblewoman to a 'vagrant' Bulgarian highlight class distinctions and the constraints of social rank in 19th-century Russia.

## Where it surfaces

- [II](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/ii): The interactions between the young men, Zoya, and the Stahov family reflect the social dynamics of the Russian gentry and their domestic sphere.
- [III](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/iii): The chapter details the social aspirations and marriage strategies of the Stahovs, including Nikolai's pursuit of a wealthy heiress and the distinctions between rich and poor relations.
- [VII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/vii): The negotiation over rent and the description of Insarov's modest lodgings highlight the economic constraints and social distinctions between the two friends.
- [VIII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/viii): The scene underscores the hierarchical expectations within the Stahov household, where Shubin's disrespect to his elder and benefactor is seen as a breach of social order, and Uvar Ivanovitch's passive authority represents the old guard.
- [XV](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/xv): The elaborate preparations for the excursion, the distinction between the coach and open carriage, and the servants' roles underscore the social stratification of the Stahov household.
- [XXII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/xxii): Nikolai's choice of Kurnatovsky as a suitor underscores the importance of social position, bureaucratic rank, and family connections in marriage.
- [XXIX](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/xxix): The servant's report and Nikolai's outrage at being informed by a lackey underscore the rigid class distinctions and the master-servant dynamic in the household.
- [XXXI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/chapters/xxxi): Nikolai Artemyevitch dismisses Insarov as a 'Montenegrin vagrant' and a 'student,' highlighting class prejudice and the perceived disgrace of the marriage.

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/themes/class_and_social_hierarchy
- Themes index: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/on_the_eve_se/themes