Macbeth

Macbeth

Macbeth returns from victory crowned Thane of Cawdor, the witches' first prophecy already true, and Duncan's naming of Malcolm as heir plants a step he feels he must either fall from or leap over. He is a man of conscience who hears his own ambition as something black and deep, wanting to win rightly yet drawn to the wrong road. His struggle between loyalty and desire drives the play's central question: how far will a good man go once imagination tastes the crown.

Lady Macbeth

Where her husband hesitates, Lady Macbeth calculates, calling on spirits to unsex her and thicken her blood so no compunction can shake her purpose. She fears his nature is too full of the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way, so she plans to pour her spirits in his ear and take the night's great business into her own dispatch. Her bond with Macbeth is a partnership of greatness that will be tested by every murder it demands.

Banquo

Banquo shares the prophecy that made Macbeth king, but the witches also promised his own sons would be kings, a hope he keeps hushed and half-believed. He is brave, loyal, and shrewd enough to note that Macbeth played most foully for what he has, yet he stays close to court and to the new king. His presence is a living reminder that the witches' words may not be finished, and his friendship becomes the thing Macbeth cannot afford to keep.

Macduff

Macduff is the loyal thane who discovers Duncan's body, declines to attend Macbeth's investiture at Scone, and quietly returns to Fife rather than wear the new king's favor. His wife and children remain at his castle, and his decision to leave them behind becomes the play's sharpest test of what loyalty costs a family. He is the man who does not bend, and his steady refusal is the first crack in Macbeth's grip on Scotland.

Malcolm

When his father is murdered, Malcolm does not stay to mourn or to be mourned; he reads the danger in men's smiles and rides for England, leaving suspicion to fall on him. He is young, watchful, and already learning that survival requires distance from the very court he should inherit. His absence becomes the rallying point for those who will not accept Macbeth, and his return shapes the play's final movement.

King Duncan

Duncan is a ruler whose virtues are so clear in his great office that they plead like angels, and whose trust in his host is absolute enough to make him the perfect guest. He rewards Macbeth with the title of Cawdor, names Malcolm Prince of Cumberland, and arrives at Inverness full of joy and gratitude. His warmth is the measure against which every later act of treachery will be judged, and his death is the hinge on which the whole play turns.