Last and First Men
The First Men are the initial human species, whose story begins in the near future and whose evolution is the subject of the narrative.
The European War and After
The species that struggled through the European War and its aftermath.
II: The Anglo-French War
Their fate is sealed by the Anglo-French War and other conflicts.
III: Europe After the Anglo-French War
The Russian townsfolk are seen as embodying the spirit of the First Men in a fresh readjustment to the modern world.
America and China
The chapter discusses the First Men's collective lack of truth-seeking and critical intelligence, and their susceptibility to tribal instincts.
The Rivals
The chapter discusses the First Men's collective mentality, their lack of critical intelligence, and their division into American and Chinese camps.
On an Island in the Pacific
The human species of this era, described as unstable and prone to being swayed by trivial incidents, as seen in the interruption by the woman.
IV: An Americanized Planet
The world-citizens of this era, characterized by their devotion to Gordelpus, ritual flying, and intellectual decline.
I: The Foundation of the First World State
The chapter discusses the history of the First Men, focusing on their achievement of world unity.
II: The Dominance of Science
The race described in this chapter, whose intellectual curiosity has waned and who now regard science primarily as a source of power.
III: Material Achievement
The First Men are the subject of this chapter, their civilization and material progress being described in detail.
IV: The Culture of the First World State
The entire civilization of the First World State, characterized by material prosperity but intellectual decline.
V: Downfall
The First Men, in their final stages, are depicted as helplessly continuing their ritualistic behaviors despite doubt and desperation, ultimately leading to their downfall.
V: The Fall of the First Men
The species that falls into a dark age after the collapse of the World State, suffering from biological senescence and cultural decay.
I: The First Dark Age
The First Men are the subject of this chapter, experiencing the First Dark Age after the fall of the World State.
II: The Rise of Patagonia
The broader species to which the Patagonians belong, now in a phase of senescence, with reduced energy and a less dramatic cultural trajectory.
IV: The Catastrophe
The ancient civilization whose ruins and records are discovered by the Patagonians, revealing their past glory and madness.
VI: Transition
The original human species, now reduced to a small remnant in Siberia, struggling to survive and maintain their cultural inheritance.
I: The First Men at Bay
The last survivors of the first human species, facing extinction and tasked with preserving the human spirit.
II: The Second Dark Age
The remnants of the First Men, now reduced to savagery, are the focus of this chapter. Their degeneration and survival are detailed.
VII: The Rise of the Second Men
Referenced as the predecessors of the Second Men, whose history and limitations are contrasted with the new species.
I: The Appearance of a New Species
The predecessor species, compared unfavorably to the Second Men in various aspects.
II: The Intercourse of Three Species
Remaining tribes that fade out due to inability to adapt to the higher culture of the Second Men.
III: The Zenith of the Second Men
Their remains and library are discovered by the Second Men, providing historical insight.
VIII: The Martians
The Martians are compared to the First Men, particularly in their shared capacity for delusion and their obsession with a particular concept (movement for the First Men, radiation for the Martians).
III: The Martian Mind
The First Men are referenced as a contrast to the Martians, possessing individuality and self-criticism, but also suffering from selfishness and spiritual isolation.
Delusions of the Martians
Mentioned as a comparison for the Martians' obsession, resembling the First Men's degenerate servitude to the idea of movement.
Earth and Mars
The First Men are referenced as a contrast to the Second Men's more refined but fragile nature.
I: The Second Men at Bay
Mentioned as predecessors with different behavioral patterns, contrasting with the Second Men's rationality and loyalty.
II: The Ruin of Two Worlds
Mentioned as a contrast, being too coarse-grained to be ruined by such spiritual troubles.
III: The Third Dark Age
Referenced as having fallen into racial senility through vulgar errors, contrasting with the Second Men's prolonged impotence.
X: The Third Men in the Wilderness
Earlier human species, referenced for comparison in terms of physical and mental characteristics.
II: Digressions of the Third Men
Referenced as a comparison, particularly their obsession with mechanical contrivances and industrialism.
IV: Conflicting Policies
Mentioned as having had a strong craving for personal immortality, influencing the Third Men's preoccupation.
IV: The Culture of the Fifth Men
Referenced as the earlier species whose comprehension is limited compared to the Fifth Men.
The Last Terrestrials
Mentioned as having early knowledge of the moon's orbit.
III: Voyaging in Space
Referenced as having earlier theories about the moon's orbit, which the Fifth Men have confirmed and extended.
I: Bird’s-Eye View
The First Men are mentioned as the earliest human species, from Pithecanthropus to the Patagonian disaster.
XV: The Last Men
Used as a point of comparison to illustrate the differences and evolution of the Last Men.
Introduction to the Last Human Species
The hypothetical visitor from the First Men, used to contrast the Last Men's evolution.
II: Childhood and Maturity
The narrator compares the children of the Last Men to those of the First Men, noting the vastly different developmental timeline and intellectual capabilities.
III: A Racial Awakening
Referenced in the context of tragic art and their limited experience of the 'cold beauty'.
XVI: The Last of Man
Referenced as part of the human past that the Last Men explore with filial piety.
II: Behaviour of the Condemned
Mentioned as part of the human past that the Last Men seek to understand and admire.
