Power and Tyranny

The nature of absolute power is examined through figures like Cambyses, Darius, and Xerxes, showing how despots make irrational decisions, are driven by vengeance, and treat subjects as slaves.

Cambyses inherits absolute power and treats Ionians and Aeolians as slaves; Psammetichos uses his authority to conduct a controversial experiment on children.

Darius's imperial ambition and the Ionians' fear of losing their despotic rule under Persian authority highlight the dynamics of power.

Darius and Xerxes exercise absolute power, recalling Histiaios and vowing vengeance, while Persian commanders subdue cities and enforce submission.

The Persians exert control over Ionia by deposing despots and establishing democracies, while also demanding submission from Greek states through earth and water.