Hester · Theme
Social Class and Inequality
How Hester develops Social Class and Inequality.
The book explores the rigid class distinctions in Victorian society, contrasting the wealthy Vernons with their poor relations in 'The Vernonry,' and highlighting the humiliation, resentment, and condescension that arise from financial dependence.
Where it surfaces
- IV: A First Meeting
Catherine's visit is framed by her role as benefactor and the power imbalance between her and the impoverished Mrs. John, emphasizing class distinctions.
- VII: Settling Down
The power imbalance between Catherine Vernon and her dependent relatives is central; Hester's humiliation and Catherine's condescension highlight class and economic disparities within the family.
- VIII: Nineteen
The Vernonry's genteel residents look down on Mrs. Reginald's household and the Morgans, while Catherine enforces class boundaries by forbidding Vernons from working for a living.
- X: A Lover
Hester's lower status as a poor relation is contrasted with Harry's wealth and position, making his suit a 'wonderful chance' for her.
- XII: An Indignant Spectator
Hester's indignation at the neglect of the poor at the Grange highlights the theme of class disparity and the unfair treatment of dependents.
- XVIII: A Family Party
Ellen criticizes Catherine for spending money on 'nobodies' and distant relations, highlighting class distinctions within the family.
- XXII: Dancing Teas
Ellen's display of wealth (carriage, furs) contrasts with the Vernonry's modest inhabitants, highlighting class distinctions and the desire for social elevation.
- Straightforward
Emma's strategic use of Catherine's social standing to gain entry to the dance highlights the importance of class and connections in Victorian society.
- The Party at the Grange
The party brings together all classes, but the dialogue between Lady Freemantle and Mrs. Merridew reveals the persistent social distinctions and judgments based on background.