Short Works · Chapter
Chapter XXII explained
Epictetus advises the aspiring philosopher to prepare for ridicule and mockery from others, but to remain steadfast in their principles, appointed by God.
What happens
Epictetus advises the aspiring philosopher to prepare for ridicule and mockery from others, but to remain steadfast in their principles, appointed by God. He warns that yielding to social pressure will result in double ridicule, while perseverance will eventually turn mockers into admirers.
Free preview opens on this chapter — companions, themes, and character notes appear beside the text.
Narrative arc
Story tension across the book — this chapter sits in Exposition.
- Setup
- Escalation
- Breaking point
- Aftermath
- Closing
This moment is the emotional and philosophical peak where Epictetus forces the reader into a crisis of choice,…
Full beat labels and climax notes unlock in the reader.
Follow the arc while readingThemes in this chapter
- Practical Ethics and Self-Discipline
Focuses on the practical discipline required to endure social ridicule and remain constant in one's philosophical principles.
- Social Duty and Relationship
Addresses the philosopher's relationship with a skeptical society, framing steadfastness as a duty appointed by God.
Characters to notice
Key passages
“If you desire philosophy, prepare yourself from the beginning to be ridiculed, to expect that many will sneer at you...”
When you decide to pursue philosophy, be ready for people to mock and laugh at you from the start.
Sets the primary challenge of the chapter.
“...hold on to the things which seem to you best as one appointed by God to this station.”
Cling firmly to your principles, viewing yourself as someone divinely placed in this role.
Provides the justification and method for enduring ridicule.
“And remember that if you abide in the same principles, these men who first ridiculed will afterwards admire you: but if you shall have been overpowered by them, you will bring on yourself double ridicule.”
If you stay true, your mockers will later respect you. If you give in to them, you'll be ridiculed twice as much.
Presents the consequences of perseverance versus capitulation.
