Who is Quiroga in El Filibusterismo?

Quiroga is a Chinese trader navigating Manila’s racial hierarchy and Simoun’s demands. Rizal’s “tribulations of a Chinese” strand shows how colonial society squeezes intermediary merchants while friars and officials moralize.

He is not the novel’s conscience; he is part of its social map. Readers searching his name usually need that function — and a reminder that Fili’s revolution plot runs through money, not only student speeches.