Scipio

Hannibal

Hannibal and Scipio Africanus are legendary military adversaries, with Scipio ultimately defeating Hannibal at Zama, embodying the clash of Carthaginian and Roman genius.

Marcus Menenius

Marcus Menenius and Scipio Africanus are both Roman figures praised for their virtue and service to the republic, though from different eras.

Chapter X

Held up as a model for private citizens in a republic to emulate, unlike Caesar.

Of the religion of the Romans

Forced citizens to swear an oath not to abandon Italy after the defeat at Cannae.

Chapter XXIX: Whether a people or a prince is the more ungrateful

Cited as the only notable instance of Roman ingratitude; suspicion arose from his extraordinary fame, youth, and the greatness of his victories.

LIII

Mentioned as a consul who threatened to appeal to the people to grant him the province of Africa, knowing such proposals are always popular.

LVIII

Mentioned in the context of the people's ingratitude, which Machiavelli argues is less than that of princes.

LX

Mentioned among those who triumphed while very young, benefiting Rome with their alacrity and vigor.

XII

Mentioned as an example of shifting war from Italy to Africa by invading Carthaginian territory.

XXXII

Cited as an example of taking New Carthage in Spain by storm and later withdrawing from Utica to engage the Carthaginian army in the field.

IX

Proposed invading Africa to end the war, representing boldness suited to changed times; contrasted with Fabius.

That a captain cannot escape battle when his enemy forces it on him at all risks

In Africa, Scipio could afford to wait because he had already secured towns and supplies, unlike Hannibal.

XIII

The army under the Scipios in Spain, after the leaders fell, secured safety and overcame the enemy.

How one humane act availed more with the men of Falerii, than all the might of the Roman arms

Roman general whose virtuous act of restoring a young wife to her husband in Spain gained him the love of the province.

XXI

Entered Spain with humane and generous conduct, winning goodwill and admiration; later faced mutiny from soldiers who feared him too little, forcing him to use uncharacteristic cruelty.

XXII

Mentioned alongside Hannibal as an example of methods that can lead to contempt or hatred if not balanced by extraordinary valor.

XXIV

Implied as a later commander who benefited from extended commands, though not named directly in the excerpt.

XXXI

Offered peace to Antiochus before and after battle, stating that Romans neither lose heart on defeat nor grow insolent with success.

XXXIV

The elder Scipio; his rescue of his father at the Ticino and his bearing after Cannae laid the foundation for his fame, more so than his victories.