Racial Oppression and White Supremacy

Where it surfaces

• Credo

  The Credo condemns the narrowing of opportunity for black people and the devilish work of those who hate the image of God in a brother's soul.

• I: The Shadow of Years

  Du Bois describes the 'great, red monster of cruel oppression' and the race-hatred he witnessed in Atlanta.

• A Litany at Atlanta

  The litany directly confronts the horrors of racial violence, lynching, and the dehumanization of black people, questioning God's silence in the face of such oppression.

• II: The Souls of White Folk

  Du Bois exposes the global system of white supremacy that justifies the exploitation and hatred of darker peoples.

• The Riddle of the Sphinx

  The poem vividly describes the burden of white men, the stifling of Black voices, and the exploitation of non-white peoples.

• III: The Hands of Ethiopia

  Du Bois details the systematic degradation of black people through slavery, land theft, and the belief in black subhumanity, calling it a 'vicious habit of mind' not based on science or history.

• The Princess of the Hither Isles

  The king's dismissal of the beggar as 'a nigger' and his refusal to allow the princess to follow him illustrate racial prejudice and the enforcement of racial hierarchy.

• Of Work and Wealth

  The chapter shows how white supremacy is weaponized by unions and employers to scapegoat black workers, culminating in the East St. Louis massacre.

• The Second Coming

  The white bishop's disgust upon discovering the baby is black, and the governor's fear of black unrest, illustrate deep-seated racial prejudice and the maintenance of white supremacy.

• The Servant in the House

  The chapter exposes how white society views Black people primarily as servants, and how racial caste is perpetuated through domestic service expectations.

• Jesus Christ in Texas

  The chapter depicts the brutal exploitation of black convicts through labor leasing, the casual dehumanization of black people by white characters, and the lynching of an innocent black man, all under a system of white supremacy.

• Of the Ruling of Men

  Critiques the assumption that Black people are incapable of self-rule and the denial of the ballot to African Americans.

• The Call

  The woman's hesitation because of her blackness and the King's revelation of his own black face subvert racial hierarchies.

• The Damnation of Women

  Black women are subjected to racial insults, forced labor, and sexual exploitation under white supremacy.

• Children of the Moon

  The poem depicts black men as 'dumb, dark, and dusky things' suffering under oppressive forces, with blood and entrails torn out, symbolizing racial violence.

• VIII: The Immortal Child

  The chapter details how racial prejudice denies Black children the right to be born, educated, and developed, and forces parents to navigate the color line in raising their children.

• IX: Of Beauty and Death

  The narrator's encounter at the theater and the poem's reference to lynching highlight the pervasive racial oppression and violence faced by Black people.

• The Prayers of God

  The poem explicitly describes lynching and the murder of Black and brown people in the name of civilization and God.

• X: The Comet

  The messenger reflects on how 'yesterday, they would not have served me,' underscoring the persistent racial caste system even in the face of universal death.