# Arthur Schopenhauer — Beyond Good and Evil character guide > Arthur Schopenhauer in Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche. **Role:** supporting **Also known as:** Schopenhauer **First appearance:** 0002-i-prejudices-of-philosophers ## Snapshot The pessimist who repudiated God and the world yet halted at morality and played the flute after dinner — a contradiction the narrator cannot let pass. ## Who they are Schopenhauer enters as a philosopher whose pessimism the narrator finds suspiciously sentimental, given a world whose essence is Will to Power. The flute, the daily laede-neminem morality, the halt at the very point where a true pessimist would keep going — these are the details the narrator uses to expose him. He matters because his system of morals becomes a case study in how moralities are sign-languages of the emotions rather than discoveries about the world. ## In the story ### [Chapter 6](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/6) Implied as one of the 'great philosophers' whose work would be subject to this biographical, moral analysis. ### [16](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/16) His belief in 'I will' as an immediate certainty is cited as a prime example of philosophical superstition and is directly criticized. ### [Chapter 19](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/19) Critiqued for adopting the popular prejudice that the will is the best-known, simple entity. His view is presented as an example of philosophers' uncritical exaggeration. ### [Chapter 21](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/21) Referenced indirectly through the problem of 'non-free will' and psychological necessity, which he championed, now critiqued as another mythology. ### [36](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/36) Referenced indirectly as part of a philosophical tradition (the 'Schopenhauerian sense') whose view of the world as 'representation' is contrasted with the narrator's more realist view of will. ### [III: The Religious Mood](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/iii-the-religious-mood) His philosophy is presented as a half-Christian, half-German form of pessimism, which the narrator seeks to go beyond. ### [The Religious Neurosis and the Problem of the Saint](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/47) His philosophy is framed as starting from the problem of the saint and the negation of the will, making the religious crisis central. ### [Chapter 56](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/56) His philosophy is presented as the narrow, world-renouncing form of pessimism the narrator seeks to move beyond. ### [V: The Natural History of Morals](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/v-the-natural-history-of-morals) Critiqued for his naive moral principle of 'injure no one' and his sentimental, flute-playing pessimism, which contradicts the world's essence as will to power. ### [The Science of Morals: A Critique of Its Foundations](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/186) Used as a prime example of a moralist who uncritically accepts and tries to establish a foundational moral principle ('do no harm, help all you can'), which Nietzsche finds absurdly false and sentimental. His personal habit of playing the flute is cited to question the consistency of his pessimism. ### [VI: We Scholars](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/vi-we-scholars) Referenced indirectly via the critique of the 'desensualized, desecularized visionary' often confused with a philosopher. ### [Chapter 204](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/204) Cited as having a damaging aftereffect on modern Germany through his 'unintelligent rage against Hegel,' severing a generation from German cultural refinement. ### [VIII: Peoples and Countries](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/viii-peoples-and-countries) United with Hegel and Goethe against English thought; noted as being more at home in intellectually refined France than in Germany. ### [252](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/252) Along with Hegel and Goethe, opposed the English mechanistic worldview, despite being a 'hostile brother-genius' to Hegel. ### [On the Nature of Ignobleness and Shared Experience](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/268) Mentioned dismissively as the source of the 'genius of the species' idea, which the narrator contrasts with his own explanation for caution in relationships. ### [Endnotes](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/chapters/endnotes) His work 'Basis of Morality' is cited, indicating his influence on the preceding philosophical discussion. ## Links - HTML: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/characters/schopenhauer - Book: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se - All characters: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/beyond_good_and_evil_se/characters