Immanuel Kant

Beyond Good and Evil

Implicitly critiqued as part of the tradition of 'old Kant' and dogmatic philosophy that the new philosophy seeks to overcome.

4

Implicitly referenced via the critique of 'synthetic judgments a priori,' which are cited as prime examples of indispensable false opinions.

Chapter 5

Accused of 'Tartuffery' for using stiff, decent dialectic to lead readers to his 'categorical imperative,' a subtle trick of an old moralist.

Chapter 6

Implied as one of the 'great philosophers' whose work would be subject to this biographical, moral analysis.

Chapter 11

Central target of critique; his pride in the 'Table of Categories' and his answer to the problem of synthetic a priori judgments are ridiculed as a circular, sleep-inducing explanation.

Chapter 21

Implicitly referenced via the critique of metaphysical categories (cause, effect, necessity) and the 'half-educated' holding onto a metaphysical sense of free will.

III: The Religious Mood

Mentioned in the context of attempting to prove that the subject cannot be proved from itself, relating to critiques of the soul and subject-predicate grammar.

54

Wished to prove the subject could not be proved from itself; his thought is linked to the possibility of the soul's non-existence, akin to Vedanta philosophy.

V: The Natural History of Morals

Mentioned as a moralist whose system may be designed to give an impression of rigor and duty, implying a psychological motive behind his philosophy.

Chapter 187

His moral system is singled out as an example meant to communicate that obedience is estimable, implying a desire for others to conform to his own standard.

The Tyranny of Morals and the Discipline of Freedom

Referenced for his 'categorical' moral imperative, which Nietzsche contrasts with nature's conditional, non-individual imperative.

VI: We Scholars

Implicitly referenced in the critique of philosophy reduced to a timid 'theory of knowledge.'

Chapter 210

Referenced as 'the great Chinaman of Königsberg' and a great critic, whose view of philosophy as criticism is implicitly rejected.

The Philosopher as Creator of Values

Presented as an exemplary 'philosophical worker' who fixes and formalizes existing valuations, in contrast to the true value-creating philosopher.

VIII: Peoples and Countries

Noted as having 'uprose' against Hume, positioning him as a reaction to unphilosophical English thought.

252

Arose against the English philosopher Hume, positioning himself in opposition to the English depreciation of philosophy.