# Tsze-hsiâ — Analects character guide

> Tsze-hsiâ in Analects by Confucius.

**Role:** supporting

**Also known as:** Tsze - hsîâ, Tsze - hsiâ, VII Tsze - hsîâ, XIV Tsze - hsiâ, XV Tsze - hsiâ, VIII Tsze - hsiâ, X Tsze - hsiâ, XI Tsze - hsiâ, Tsze - hsiâ

**First appearance:** 0000-book-i-hsio-r

## Who they are

A disciple who measures learning by sincerity in serving parents, prince, and friends, insisting that conduct, not reputation, proves a man educated.

## In the story

### [Book I: Hsio R](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/book-i-hsio-r)

Argues that true learning is demonstrated through virtuous conduct, such as serving parents with strength, serving a prince with devotion, and being sincere in friendship.

### [VII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/vii)

Speaker of the chapter, defining true learning as the practice of virtue.

### [Book II: Wei Chang](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/book-ii-wei-chang)

Asks about filial piety, and Confucius highlights the difficulty of maintaining a proper countenance.

### [VIII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/viii)

Asks Confucius about the nature of filial piety.

### [Book III: Pa Yih](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/book-iii-pa-yih)

Asks about the meaning of a passage from the Odes; Confucius praises him for bringing out his meaning and says he can now talk about the Odes with him.

### [VIII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/viii)

Asks about the meaning of an Ode passage, demonstrating his understanding of the relationship between substance and refinement.

### [XI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xi)

The recipient of Confucius's advice on being a scholar.

### [Book XII: Yen Yüan](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/book-xii-yen-y-an)

Comforts Sze-mâ Niû about brothers and explains the concept of all within the four seas being brothers.

### [V](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/v)

Quotes a saying about fate and Heaven, and advises the superior man to be reverential and respectful.

### [XXII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xxii)

Explains Confucius's saying to Fan Ch’ih, citing Shun and T’ang as examples.

### [Chapter XVII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xvii)

Governor of Chü-fû, seeks Confucius's counsel on government.

### [Book XVI: Ke She](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/book-xvi-ke-she)

Not directly mentioned in this chapter, but his presence is implied through the context of Confucius's teachings.

### [Book XIX: Tsze-Chang](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/book-xix-tsze-chang)

Contributes several sayings on learning, the superior man, and the importance of confidence.

### [III](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/iii)

His teaching on associating with those who can advantage you is quoted and contrasted by Tsze-chang.

### [Chapter IV](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/iv)

Speaker of the chapter's sole passage, reflecting on the limits of inferior studies.

### [V](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/v)

Defines the essence of loving to learn through daily and monthly self-reflection.

### [VI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/vi)

Stresses the importance of learning and self-cultivation as the path to virtue.

### [VII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/vii)

Speaker of the chapter's sole passage, comparing the superior man's learning to a mechanic's craft.

### [VIII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/viii)

Speaker of the aphorism about the mean man glossing his faults.

### [IX](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/ix)

Speaker of the chapter, describing the three changes of the superior man.

### [X](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/x)

Explains the necessity of gaining confidence before imposing labours on the people or remonstrating with a prince.

### [Chapter XI](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xi)

Discusses the boundary between great and small virtues.

### [XII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xii)

Defends his teaching method, asserting that the superior man teaches according to the student's capacity.

### [XIII](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xiii)

Speaker of the chapter, emphasizing the balance between duty and learning.

### [XIV](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xiv)

Speaks on the proper extent of mourning.

### [Chapter XV](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/chapters/xv)

Speaker of the chapter, assessing his friend Chang's character.

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/characters/tsze-hsia
- Book: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se
- All characters: https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/analects_se/characters