# What Artifice vs. Nature means in Against the Grain

> Des Esseintes systematically rejects the natural world in favor of artificial creations—from mechanical fish and perfumed rooms to exotic hothouse flowers—believing that human invention can surpass and improve upon nature's imperfections.

## Explanation

Des Esseintes systematically rejects the natural world in favor of artificial creations—from mechanical fish and perfumed rooms to exotic hothouse flowers—believing that human invention can surpass and improve upon nature's imperfections.

The chapter emphasizes Des Esseintes' preference for artificial environments over the natural world, as he designs his house and rejects society.

Des Esseintes meticulously designs his environment to replace natural light and views with artificial, controlled elements, rejecting the outside world.

Des Esseintes argues that nature is exhausted and inferior to human artifice, citing examples like artificial wines, simulated sea-bathing, and the beauty of locomotives over women.

Tertullian's condemnation of cosmetics and jewelry contrasts with Des Esseintes' own preference for artifice over nature.

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