# How does A Treatise of Human Nature develop the theme of Skepticism About the External World?

> A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume

## Answer

A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume develops Skepticism About the External World across the chapters the companion marks for this theme.

The book questions the reality of external objects, arguing that our ideas of extension, solidity, and matter are ultimately derived from perceptions and may lack independent existence.

By reducing substance to a collection of qualities, Hume undermines the notion of an unknown substratum, a key skeptical move.

The rejection of the idea of a vacuum and the limitation of our ideas to what is derived from impressions demonstrates a skeptical stance towards concepts that go beyond our perceptual experience.

Hume challenges common assumptions about the nature of objects, suggesting that our perceptions may not accurately represent their true divisibility.

## Evidence

- [section-vi-of-modes-and-substances](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-vi-of-modes-and-substances.md): By reducing substance to a collection of qualities, Hume undermines the notion of an unknown substratum, a key skeptical move.
- [part-ii-of-the-ideas-of-space-and-time](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/part-ii-of-the-ideas-of-space-and-time.md): The rejection of the idea of a vacuum and the limitation of our ideas to what is derived from impressions demonstrates a skeptical stance towards concepts that go beyond our perceptual experience.
- [section-i-of-the-infinite-divisibility-of-our-ideas-of-space-and-time](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-i-of-the-infinite-divisibility-of-our-ideas-of-space-and-time.md): Hume challenges common assumptions about the nature of objects, suggesting that our perceptions may not accurately represent their true divisibility.
- [section-ii-of-the-infinite-divisibility-of-space-and-time](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-ii-of-the-infinite-divisibility-of-space-and-time.md): By questioning the infinite divisibility of space and time, Hume challenges the nature of external reality and our ability to know it.
- [section-iii-of-the-other-qualities-of-our-idea-of-space-and-time](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-iii-of-the-other-qualities-of-our-idea-of-space-and-time.md): Hume's analysis reduces space and time to mere collections of perceptions, challenging the notion of an independent external reality.
- [section-iv-objections-answered](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-iv-objections-answered.md): Hume questions the certainty of geometrical and mathematical knowledge, suggesting that our standards of equality and perfection are imaginary fictions.
- [section-v-the-same-subject-continued](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-v-the-same-subject-continued.md): Hume confesses that he cannot penetrate into the nature of bodies, only knowing their external properties as they affect the senses.
- [section-vi-of-the-idea-of-existence-and-of-external-existence](https://www.betterreads.dev/discover/a_treatise_of_human_nature_se/chapters/section-vi-of-the-idea-of-existence-and-of-external-existence.md): Hume argues that we cannot conceive of external objects as specifically different from our perceptions, and that our idea of them is only relative, undermining the common notion of an independent external world.

## Links

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